Ireland is currently experiencing, and is expected to continue experiencing over the coming days, a period of unusually cold winter weather. Sub-zero temperatures, frost, icy roads, and bitter winds are not conditions our animals regularly face here — and for many, they can be dangerous.
Cats, dogs, and wildlife experience cold very differently from humans. While fur provides some protection, it is not a guarantee of warmth or safety, particularly in wet or windy conditions. Understanding how cold affects animals, and how we can reduce its impact, is one of the simplest yet most meaningful ways to protect their wellbeing.
Why cold weather is harder on animals than we think
Animals regulate their body temperature in ways that are more vulnerable to environmental extremes. Cold weather increases energy demands on the body and weakens immune responses, particularly in young, elderly, or already unwell animals. Prolonged exposure to low temperatures can lead to hypothermia, frostbite on ears, paws, and tails, dehydration, and increased susceptibility to illness.
In Ireland, where animals are not evolutionarily adapted to sustained freezing conditions, even short cold snaps can be challenging.
Cats and cold weather
Indoor cats are generally protected from the worst of the cold, but sudden temperature drops inside the home can still affect them. Older cats in particular may feel stiffness or discomfort in colder rooms, and all cats benefit from warm, draft-free sleeping areas and access to fresh water, as indoor heating can increase dehydration.
Outdoor and semi-outdoor cats face greater risks. Cats that are normally independent outside may struggle during freezing nights, especially if their fur becomes wet. Wet fur dramatically reduces insulation and increases heat loss. Whenever possible, cats should be kept indoors during extreme cold, particularly overnight. If they do go outside, their time outdoors should be limited and their paws checked for ice, grit, or salt irritation.
Before starting a car in cold weather, it is always wise to tap the bonnet. Cats are drawn to the residual warmth of engines and can shelter there without being seen.
Providing shelter for outdoor cats
For stray or community cats, cold weather can be life-threatening. A small, dry, insulated shelter raised off the ground can make an enormous difference. Straw or thermal bedding provides warmth without holding moisture, while positioning the shelter away from wind and rain helps preserve body heat. Even modest protection can prevent hypothermia and exhaustion.
Dogs in freezing conditions
Dogs experience cold differently depending on their size, coat, age, and health. Smaller dogs, short-haired breeds, puppies, and senior dogs are particularly vulnerable. During icy conditions, walks should be shorter and safer routes chosen carefully. After being outdoors, dogs should be dried thoroughly, as damp fur increases heat loss.
Road salt and grit can irritate or injure paws, so cleaning and drying paws after walks is important. Shivering, reluctance to walk, or signs of discomfort should never be ignored.
Wildlife during extreme cold
Wildlife in Ireland, especially birds, face immense challenges during freezing weather. Natural food sources become scarce, water freezes, and conserving energy becomes critical for survival. Providing food and fresh, unfrozen water can be lifesaving. Leaving hedges, shrubs, and natural cover undisturbed allows wildlife to shelter from wind and predators during the coldest days.
Recognising cold-related distress
Animals suffering from cold stress or hypothermia may appear lethargic, weak, confused, or excessively shivery. Pale gums, cold extremities, and shallow breathing are serious warning signs. Hypothermia is a medical emergency and requires immediate veterinary attention.
Cold weather and lost pets
Extreme cold increases the risk of pets going missing as animals seek warmth or become disoriented. In these conditions, time is critical. Immediate searching, contacting local rescues and vets, and using CatALERT on Cats.ie can significantly improve the chances of a safe reunion. CatALERT will always remain free, because helping cats get home should never depend on money.
A shared responsibility
Periods of extreme weather remind us how closely our lives are intertwined with those of the animals around us. Protecting them does not require perfection or dramatic action — just awareness, kindness, and small, thoughtful choices.
Bringing cats indoors, checking on outdoor animals, offering shelter or food where needed, and watching for signs of distress all help create a safer environment during harsh conditions.
At Cats.ie, animal welfare comes first — in every season, and especially when the weather turns unforgiving.
🐱 Dot says:
“When it’s cold outside, kindness is the warmest thing we can offer.”
Stay safe, stay warm, and please look out for the animals who depend on us. 🐾❄️
